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当粗糙度是一件苦差事时——在难以到达的空间中自动测量 Ra

2023-07-03 18:08

When roughness is a chore – automated Ra measurements in hard-to-reach spaces

当粗糙度是一件苦差事时——在难以到达的空间中自动测量 Ra

Challenging roughness measurements

具有挑战性的粗糙度测量

Measuring roughness in hard-to-reach places is a challenge for many manufacturers. Narrow openings prevent the entry of many roughness gauges inside bores, tubes, cylinders, and other tight spaces. And yet, these surface finish measurements are often crucial to acquire, especially on parts where roughness affects part performance.

在难以到达的地方测量粗糙度对许多制造商来说是一个挑战。狭窄的开口可防止许多粗糙度计进入孔、管、圆筒，和其他狭窄空间内。然而，获取这些表面光洁度测量值通常至关重要，特别是在粗糙度影响零件性能的零件上。

To address this challenge, Novacam designs and manufactures
OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETERTM systems
that measure with small-diameter optical probes.
These fiber-based probes reach inside to measure
roughness (as well as 3D geometry):

为了应对这一挑战，Novacam 设计并制造了使用小直径光学探头进行测量的OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER TM系统。这些基于光纤的探头到达内部以测量粗糙度（以及 3D 几何形状）：

on inside diameter (ID) surfaces of bores, tubes, and cylinders

在孔、管和圆柱体的内径 (ID) 表面上

on inside surfaces of tightly spaced blades of aerospace turbine disks

在航空航天涡轮盘的紧密间隔叶片的内表面上

on bottoms of blind holes, slots, or narrow channels

在盲孔、槽或狭窄通道的底部

and in other tight spaces where most other roughness gauges simply cannot reach.

以及大多数其他粗糙度仪根本无法到达的其他狭窄空间。

Novacam 4.6 mm diameter side-looking profilometer probe on motion stage about to measure the inside of a 15 mm ID metal tube.

Novacam 4.6毫米直径侧视轮廓仪探头在运动平台上，即将测量15毫米内径金属管的内部。

Roughness measurement on ID walls of tubes, bores and other narrow spaces

管、孔和其他狭窄空间内径壁的粗糙度测量

NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER system
accesses inside diameters (IDs) as narrow as 1 mm
with its small-diameter side-looking optical probe.
The probe
acquires a linear (axial) profile of the ID wall by scanning the ID surface while a linear motion stage advances it into the hard-to-reach space.

NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER 系统使用其小直径侧视光学探头可测量窄至1毫米的内径（ID）。探头通过扫描内径表面获取内径壁的线性（轴向）轮廓，同时线性运动台将其推进到难以到达的空间。

The probe directs a beam of low-coherence light at the measured surface, collects the light signal reflected back from the surface, and sends this signal back to the system interferometer via an optical fiber. This fiber can be several meters long.

探头将一束低相干光射向被测表面，收集从表面反射回来的光信号，并通过光纤将此信号发送回系统干涉仪。这种纤维可以长达数米。

Measuring roughness on inside diameter walls

测量内径壁的粗糙度

Roughness measurement on bottoms of narrow channels or blind holes

狭窄通道或盲孔底部的粗糙度测量

When equipped with a forward-looking probe, NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER systems measure roughness on surfaces that include
bottoms of narrow grooves (channels, slots) or blind bore holes.
These surfaces are notoriously difficult to scan with touch probes, optical systems that rely on triangulation, or with microscopes.

当配备前视探头时，NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER 系统可测量包括窄槽（通道、槽）或盲孔底部在内的表面粗糙度。众所周知，这些表面很难用接触式探针、依赖三角测量的光学系统或显微镜进行扫描。

Since the system probes scan in a collinear manner (the outgoing and reflected beam travel along the same axis), they provide much better
measurement coverage of
bottom corners of
high-aspect-ratio features
such as steep-walled grooves.

由于系统探头以共线方式扫描（出射光束和反射光束沿同一轴传播），因此它们可以更好地测量高纵横比特征（例如陡壁凹槽）的底角。

Depending on the probe, standoff distance varies from 0.5 mm to 100 mm for standard probes and can be up to 1 m for non-standard probes.

根据探头的不同，标准探头的间距从0.5毫米到100毫米不等，非标准探头的间距可达1米。

Measuring roughness on bottoms of blind holes

测量盲孔底部的粗糙度

NOVACAM 18-mm diameter (standard) forward-looking profilometer probe on 2-axis inspection station

2 轴检测站上的 NOVACAM 18 毫米直径（标准）前视轮廓仪探头

Roughness calculated from acquired linear profile

根据获取的线性轮廓计算的粗糙度

Measurements are acquired in a point-by-point manner at the rate of up to 100,000 3D point measurements per second, easily providing the point density required for calculating 2D roughness parameters such as
average roughness (Ra), maximum valley depth (Rv), maximum peak height (Rp), maximum height (distance from highest peak to lowest valley)(Rt), root mean square roughness (Rq), skewness (Rsk) and kurtosis (Rku).

以每秒高达10万个3D点测量的速率逐点获取测量值，轻松提供计算2D粗糙度参数所需的点密度，例如平均粗糙度 (Ra)、最大谷深 (Rv)、最大峰高 (Rp)、最大高度（从最高峰到最低谷的距离）(Rt)、均方根粗糙度 (Rq)、偏度 (Rsk) 和峰度 (Rku)。

For the finest roughnesses, 2,100 3D point measurements per second is typically the preferred speed.

对于最精细的粗糙度，每秒 2,100 个 3D 点测量通常是首选速度。

The system offers excellent
roughness measurement capabilities:

该系统提供出色的粗糙度测量功能：

Finest measurable roughness as low as 0.05 μm (2.0 μin). This limit depends on the probe selected for a particular application.

最精细的可测量粗糙度低至0.05 μm (2.0 μin)。此限制取决于为特定应用选择的探头。

Ability to also measure roughness above 10
μm
(390
μin)
Ra to meet the needs of applications such as additive manufacturing.

还能够测量10
μm
(390
μin)
Ra以上的粗糙度，以满足增材制造等应用的需求。

Linear roughness measurements – Ra, Rz, Rq, Rp, Rv, Rt

线性粗糙度测量 – Ra、Rz、Rq、Rp、Rv、Rt

Modular fiber-based system design

基于模块化光纤的系统设计

NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER system is a modular and fiber-based system: the measuring probe is connected with an optical fiber to the system interferometer (MICROCAM-3D or -4D), which provides the light source and also processes the returned optical signal into 3-dimensional topographical measurements.

NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER 系统是一个基于光纤的模块化系统：测量探头通过光纤连接到系统干涉仪（MICROCAM-3D或 -4D），该干涉仪提供光源并将返回的光信号处理成3D地形测量。

Inspection may be fully automated and integrated with a
PLC (programmable logic controller).

检查可以完全自动化，并与PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）集成。

The OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER system comprises: 1)
optical side-looking or forward-looking probe, 2) MICROCAM-3D/4D interferometer, 3) inspection station, 4) PC, and, 5) optionally, multiplexing hardware (not shown in diagram).

OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER 系统包括：1)光学侧视或前视探头，2) MICROCAM-3D/4D 干涉仪，3) 检查站，4) PC，以及 5) 可选的多路复用硬件（图中未显示）。

Easy automation of roughness measurements

粗糙度测量的简单自动化

The design of the OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER system fully supports
measurement automation.

OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER 系统的设计完全支持测量自动化。

Probes are available in a range of lengths and sizes to measure ID roughness of parts as diverse as engine cylinders, actuators, orthopedic implants, bottoms of blind bores, and high-precision drilled rivet holes.

提供各种长度和尺寸的探头，用于测量发动机汽缸、执行器、整形外科植入物、盲孔底部和高精度钻铆钉孔等零件的内径粗糙度。

Probes are easily integrated with robots as well as any application-specific benchtop or inline motion mechanism.

探头很容易与机器人以及任何特定应用的台式或内联运动机构集成。

Probes can operate next to the measured surface while remaining connected to the system’s signal processing detector (MICROCAM-3D/4D interferometer) via a flexible optical fiber.
The fiber can be several meters long.

探头可以在被测表面附近操作，同时通过柔性光纤保持与系统信号处理检测器（MICROCAM-3D/4D 干涉仪）的连接。纤维可以长达数米。

A range of probe lengths and sizes are available.

提供一系列探头长度和尺寸。

Defining scan sequences is quick and easy with the use of a joystick and with optional setting of parameters in NOVACAM data acquisition software. Measurement recipes for various types of components are easily defined and then recalled with the press of a button or selected from a list.

通过使用操纵杆和在 NOVACAM 数据采集软件中可选设置参数，可以快速轻松地定义扫描序列。各种类型的组件的测量配方很容易定义，然后通过按下按钮或从列表中选择来调用。

Scan definitions may also be invoked automatically by a PLC (programmable logic controller). In this way, the inspection cycle and the measurements obtained are independent of the operator.

扫描定义也可以由PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）自动调用。这样，检查周期和获得的测量值与操作员无关。

Scan sequence can comprise multiple bores (or tubes, etc).

扫描序列可以包括多个孔（或管等）。

The systems offer capabilities such as automated pass/fail reporting and exportable reports.

该系统提供自动通过/失败报告和可导出报告等功能。

Optical switches are available for multiplexing more than 1 probe to a single MICROCAM interferometer. Multiplexed probes may be used one at a time. This option brings additional return on investment (ROI) to many installations.

光学开关可用于将1个以上的探头多路复用到单个MICROCAM干涉仪。可一次使用一个多路复用探针。此选项为许多安装带来了额外的投资回报 (ROI)。

An application programming interface (API) is available for system integrators and OEMs to accommodate a wide variety of online and offline applications. Exported results may be integrated with data loggers and SPC software.

应用程序编程接口 (API) 可供系统集成商和原始设备制造商使用，以适应各种在线和离线应用程序。导出的结果可以与数据记录器和SPC软件集成。

Automated measurement of aerospace turbine blisk using 3 mm diameter side-looking probe

使用3 mm直径侧视探头自动测量航空涡轮叶片

Additional benefits

额外的好处

In addition to roughness measurement, NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER systems
offer:

除了粗糙度测量，NOVACAM OPTICAL 3D PROFILOMETER系统还提供：

Ability to measure
dimensional parameters
(e.g., length of features, step height/depth, angles, etc.),
material
thickness
(in the case of transparent or semi-transparent material), and/or defects with the same probe as is used for roughness

能够测量尺寸参数（例如特征长度、阶梯高度/深度、角度等）、材料厚度（在透明或半透明材料的情况下）和/或缺陷粗糙度

Ability to acquire a long profile

获得长轮廓的能力

Ability to perform in
hostile environments, including extreme temperatures or pressures, or radioactive environments

能够在恶劣环境下工作，包括极端温度或压力，或放射性环境

Measurement with no detrimental effect on the measured surfaces
(this is not the case with contact styluses)

对被测表面无不利影响的测量（接触式触笔不会出现这种情况）

Non-contact probes that do not wear out – no need to buy
expensive consumables such as touch probe styluses.

不会磨损的非接触式测头——无需购买昂贵的耗材，例如接触式探针触控笔。

Circumferential roughness

圆周粗糙度

In addition to providing a solution to measuring ID linear (or axial) roughness, Novacam also provides
solutions for measuring ID circumferential roughness
in hard to reach spaces.

除了提供测量内径线性（或轴向）粗糙度的解决方案外，Novacam还提供在难以到达的空间
测量内径圆周粗糙度的解决方案。